Evanescent-wave scattering is a topic in classical electrodynamics and in the study of colloidal particles near a boundary. However, how such near-surface scattering at sub-cellular refractive-index heterogeneities degrades the excitation confinement in biological total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy has not… Continue reading →

To stay in good health, cells that no longer divide such as neurons renew their components by degrading them and recycling their building blocks in acidic compartments called lysosomes. These “micro-stomachs” also work as… Continue reading →

Wavefront sensors are simple and robust phase sensors at the basis of adaptive optics in astronomy and bio-imaging. Adaptive optics has been introduced in bio-imaging to compensate smooth aberrations mostly arising from the refractive index mismatch at the interface with… Continue reading →